The singer is booed by the spectators,[30] upon his arrival on the lawn. Dans la foule, il apporte des clarifications sur cette vido et prsente ses excuses[76]. En 2020, Gims prvoit de sortir un album intgralement en rap. Matre Gims was born on 6th May 1986, in Kinshasa, DR Congo, as Gandhi Bilel Djuna. He announced this on his Instagram account. L'album rencontre un gros succs auprs du grand public, se vendant plus de 400000exemplaires. Press trs peu d'exemplaires, le disque a pour but de faire connatre Gims au grand public. En 2005, il rejoint le mouvement du Tabligh, qu'il quitte ensuite et considre dsormais comme une secte[80]. et Renaud Rebillaud. Le disque comporte des morceaux avec Sexion d'assaut, le rappeur Koma de la Scred Connexion et une chanteuse nomme Carole. Le 30 mars 2020 dans cet enregistrement, Gims coute plusieurs morceaux de l'album de la Sexion d'Assaut Le Retour des Rois en conduisant dans sa voiture[40]. He appears in a video supporting right-wing candidate Valrie Pecresse in the run-up to the 2021 regional elections in le-de-France.[52]. The album is currently certified diamond disc with over 990,000 sales. On 23 April 2016, Gims gave a concert before the football match between Paris Saint-Germain F.C. [68] According to the press,[69] this decision would be because of his bigamy, which is not authorized in French or European law.[70]. [87], At the end of 2021, he believes that celebrating Christmas or wishing a happy new year "is not Muslim". Ceinture noire sort le 23 mars 2018. Ensuite les fils Gims, Dadju et dernirement Afi sont des chanteurs reconnus et ador par des millions de fans. The city later became the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Last edited on 13 February 2023, at 11:30, Syndicat National de l'dition Phonographique, Distinctive International Arab Festivals Awards, En attendant L'Apoge: les Chroniques du 75, List of awards and nominations received by Gims, "Matre Gims n'a pas la nationalit franaise", "Les rappeurs franais qui ont le plus vendus Liste de 123 personnalits SensCritique", "La mme" de Matre Gims et Vianney, chanson la plus diffuse en 2018, J Balvin Is Deezer's Top Artist Worldwide of 2018, 7 French Pop Artists You Need To Start Listening To, "VIDO Le chanteur Matre Gims dvoile son double de cire au muse Grvin", "GIMS: On the Record | Netflix Official Site", "Ozuna, GIMS Perform 'Arhbo' & More at 2022 FIFA World Cup Closing Ceremony", "Matre Gims invite ses frres Dadju, Bedjik et X-Gangs sur Subliminal?! Vrification faite auprs de la famille, le chanteur de Bouquet de fleurs est bel et bien vivant et en bonne sant. He arrived in France in 1988 at the age of two, with his parents who were then foreigners in an irregular situation. Parmi les invits de la rdition, en plus de Jul, SCH, Dadju et Slimane, participent, notamment, des chanteurs internationaux tels que l'gyptien Mohamed Ramadan, le tanzanien Rayvanny ainsi que la chanteuse germano-albanaise Dhurata Dora[54]. He also intends to take care of his couple and his four children, whom he says he has seen too little because of his career (the oldest of his four children was born around 2008 and the youngest in 2013). Opera News does not consent to nor does it condone the posting of any content that violates the rights (including the copyrights) of any third party, nor content that may malign, inter alia, any religion, ethnic group, organization, gender, company, or individual. Dadju released his solo album Gentleman 2.0 in 2017. [54] On 8 October 2021, he released a new single in collaboration with Vitaa named "Prends ma main". Ayant quitt le label Wati B en dcembre 2016, l'album sort chez TF1 sous le label Play Two[31]. Aprs quelques morceaux raliss de manire indpendante, Sexion d'assaut rencontre leur futur producteur, et P.D.G du label Wati B Dawala, dans les caves de Chtelet-Les Halles Paris. The album sold over a million copies in France and peaked at number two in the Syndicat National de l'dition Phonographique. Il y interprte des extraits de trois de ses tubes Est-ce que tu m'aimes?, Bella et Saps comme jamais. En novembre 2021, il participe au projet collectif Le Classico organis, l'initiative de Jul runissant plus de 150 rappeurs des Bouches-du-Rhne et d'le-de-France. Gandhi Djuna was born on 6 May 1986 in Kinshasa, Zaire (Now the Democratic Republic of the Congo since 1997). Born Gandhi Djuna, this Congolese-French hip-hop artist became known for his work with the group Sexion d'Assaut and also released solo work, including a 2013 album titled Subliminal. Learn all about Djuna Djanana on AllMusic. La Sexion d'Assaut fera son grand retour en concert Paris La Dfense Arena le 25 septembre 2021, date officiellement fixe au mois de janvier mais report en raison de la crise sanitaire svissant[43]. Matre Gims et Dadju : les deux frres doivent faire face une triste nouvelle. Then he announced the reissue of his album which will be released on 26 August 2016. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The second album is divided into two parts: an "urban pop / R&B" oriented, widely broadcast by radio and music channels, and a "rap" oriented as it did when it started. L'crasement de tte se vend plus de 50000exemplaires. With Dawala, the 3rd Prototype released its first mixtape, La Terre du Milieu, on 13 May 2006. (Vido)", "Gims va sortir un nouvel album rap la fin du confinement", "Sexion d'Assaut: un concert la U Arena en janvier 2021! Following this intervention, he wrote the first single of the winning group, The Mess, entitled Au Top. Le 26 novembre 2020, Gims a annonc sur ses rseaux sociaux que son album Le Flau sortirait le 4 dcembre[46]. port par des singles comme Avant qu'elle parte, Ma Direction, et Wati House, L'album se vend plus de 700000exemplaires. He has a huge luxurious house in Marrakesh, complete with spa and cinema. After the end of the first confinement on 11 May 2020, Gims announces the return of the Sexion d'Assaut with the new album Le Retour des Rois, scheduled for the fall. Le 12 dcembre, il publie le clip sur sa chane YouTube. Explore Djuna Djanana's discography including top tracks, albums, and reviews. He was placed with foster families, before living in squats until he was 18 years old. [19] The EP is produced by ATK's Fredy K and Noko. Matre Gims set out on his musical journey while he was still in high school. His other two albums follow: Mon cur avait raison in 2015 and Ceinture noire in 2018 reached number one in France and Belgium (Wallonia) and peaked in the top 40 in various European countries, including Denmark, Italy and Switzerland.[2]. C'est quoi le dlire! Le 2 mai 2020, lors dun retour depuis en live sur Instagram avec Sniper, Sefyu et Gradur[41]. En mars 2018, il indique avoir demand la nationalit franaise et que celle-ci lui a t refuse[82],[10]. Originellement catholique, il indique en 2016 que Barack Adama, son ami du groupe Sexion dAssaut, la convaincu de se convertir l'islam, ainsi qu'aprs un entretien avec un imam[rf. Bouquet de Fleurs est une mlope dont l'entre en pice est vocale. Historique du faire famille : les approches familiales en psychothrapie : en quoi la famille est un appareil penser comme Page 8 Approche fonde sur l'apprentissage et l'approche sociocognitive - Association pour la lutte contre la toxicomanie Une partie de la presse considre Matre Gims comme un artiste de la sous-culture avec des textes trs faibles, l'instar du critique littraire ric Naulleau dclarant que Gims fait les pires textes de la chanson franaise[67]. En d'autres termes, il s'agit d'un "rcit de famille" sur l'artiste congolais, dont le frre cadet est Dadju. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Among them, we find Gang yaba Gang, Coup 2 pression and Frres de rue. concert de sexion d'assaut maitre gims son papa djuna djanana et sa maman Le chanteur se fait huer par les spectateurs, ds son arrive sur la pelouse[30]. Gims designed the CD cover. Fais, fais-moi voir le colis. Elle aussi fille du musicien congolais Djuna Djanana, elle a mis en ligne une vido en guise de prsentation sur YouTube. Dadju Djuna Nsungula (French pronunciation:[dadu duna nsunula]; born 2 May 1991), better known by the mononym Dadju or at times Prince Dadj, is a French singer. He met his other wife, Demdem in early 2000 and married her in 2005. The group opens for Suprme NTM at the Parc des Princes and performs at the Znith de Paris.[16]. Bb vaenregistrer son premier son a l'hosto (coutez en exclu le nouveau Djuna sur PIWI plus " refrain: Ngu ngu!!! Do-re-mi que tu sois. Copyright 2008 - 2023 Journaldekin.com - Tous droits rservs Journaldekin.com est une marque de YOGAM International Group ltd. Ce site utilise des cookies pour amliorer votre exprience de navigation sur le site. En septembre 2019, il devient officiellement le premier artiste urbain remplir le Stade de France avec plus de 72000spectateurs. [42], The Sexion d'Assaut will make its comeback in concert at Paris La Dfense Arena on 25 September 2021, a date officially set for January but postponed due to the raging health crisis. ", "Matre Gims (Sexion d'Assaut) en concert l'Olympia le 31 mai 2013", "Vitaa dvoile "Un son pour des millions", nouvel extrait de l'album "Ici et maintenant", "Top Singles: Vitaa dtrne Bakermat, Lady Gaga dbarque dans le top 10", "MEILLEURS CLIPS VIDOS, SEMAINE DU 1 DCEMBRE 2013", "Mylne Farmer, Matre Gims, Johnny, Daft Punk le top 10 des chanteurs les mieux pays en 2013", "Les albums 2018: Matre Gims s'impose avec succs sur "Ceinture noire", "Au Stade de France, Matre Gims siffl comme jamais", "Maitre Gims hu au Stade de France, il ragit ENFIN Mawazine (EXCLU)", "Maitre Gims sort une rdition physique de son album "Ceinture Noire"! Tu connais, les trucs un peu technique.". Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the release of his album Le Flau has been delayed indefinitely. On 28 September 2019, he officially became the first French-speaking rapper to fill the Stade de France with more than 72,000 spectators. Les malfaiteurs lont violemment frapp mais ils nauraient pas pu lui voler quoi que ce soit. On 4 May he published "Bella". The clip was shot in Transports en commun lyonnais. Abramow had directed a video for the International Women's Day of 8 March 2018, with which "La mme", according to her, had many similarities: "[the video for La mme has] the same structure, the same esthetics, the same decorations in pastel colors and especially the same types of portraits". In parallel with his career with Sexion d'Assaut, Gims tried his hand at musical composition. In parallel with the announcement of his Warano Tour, Gims published videos via social networks with extracts of songs that turned out to be those of his future album. [45] On 26 November 2020, Gims announced on his social networks that his album Le Flau would be released on 4 December. On 31 October 2018, the manga Devil's Relics was published, imagined by Gims with his brother Darcy, and co-signed by the two brothers with screenwriter Jean-David Morvan and designer Yoshiyasu Tamura.[91]. Au cours de sa carrire, il travaille avec des artistes tels que Sia, Pitbull, Lil Wayne, Stromae, Maluma, Sting et d'autres. A year later, Gims released another edition of the album with additional 13 songs in association with artists like Maluma, J Balvin, Vitaa and Sting. When the rapper shouts to the audience "Shall we continue?" Vrification faite auprs de la famille, le chanteur de Bouquet de fleurs est bel et bien vivant et en bonne sant. If the content contained herein violates any of your rights, including those of copyright, and/or violates any the above mentioned factors, you are requested to immediately notify us using via the following email address operanews-external(at)opera.com and/or report the article using the available reporting functionality built into our Platform The name of the group was chosen in reference to a film, mainly for its "combative" meaning. [41] Gims has formalized his 100% rap album for the start of the 2020 school year at the latest, and Le Retour des Rois for the end of 2020, or even the beginning of 2021. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . . , il rpond: C'est totalement faux. Le 27 mars 2020, lors d'un live Instagram avec Dadju, Gims lui rpond qu'il confirme un nouvel album Le Retour des Rois pour cette anne[37],[38],[39]. On 14 May it broadcasts, still exclusively, It Works, in collaboration with The Shin Seka. The name Sexion d'Assaut also includes a reference to the Sturmabteilung (SA), in French "Section d'Assaut", a famous Nazi paramilitary unit, which the group learns by chance during a concert for the City of Paris. L'album est certifi disque d'or en 10jours avec un dmarrage 40000ventes en premire semaine. ", "MONSTRE MARIN CORPORATION (PARIS 5) Chiffre d'affaires, rsultat, bilans sur SOCIETE.COM 795004084", "Matre Gims rvle pourquoi il n'enlve jamais ses lunettes de soleil", "Pourquoi Matre Gims porte-t-il toujours des lunettes de soleil? If the content contained herein violates any of your rights, including those of copyright, and/or violates any the above mentioned factors, you are requested to immediately notify us using via the following email address operanews-external(at)opera.com and/or report the article using the available reporting functionality built into our Platform. He also released a 28-song double album titled Poison and Antidote in 2019. Subliminal sort en effet le 20 mai. modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata. [76] According to BFM TV, Gims sold 50% of the label Monstre Marin Corporation in 2014 for 500,000 euros. At the end of August, a new single: "Bris", is available. It is approaching 1,000,000 in sales, synonymous with the double diamond disc. En 2008, ils font paratre un street album Le Renouveau, qui contient la pice connue clippe Anti-Tecktonik. RDC : que chante exactement Mamu Tshala Muana dans son tube Ingratitude? la suite de la mdiatisation, il donne un concert gratuit et improvis dans le mtro parisien[69]. Djuna Djanana, 64 ans, se baladait en pleine rue le week-end dernier quand plusieurs hommes l'ont forc monter dans leur voiture. L'EP est produit par Fredy K d'ATK et Noko. The humorist of the web Jhon Rachid deplores that the second part "old-fashioned rap" is less known than the first, which hurts him "rap" (title of his show on YouTube). Dadju Early Life Djuna Djanana est mort du Covid-19 ! La nouvelle a parcouru le net et fait chauffer les tlphones mardi, au point que beaucoup se la sont relaye via whatsApp, affirmant mordicus la dtenir de source sre. Toutefois, Matre Gims conteste cette version des faits. The Booska-P site evokes "Gims-bashing" in an article presenting the most hated French rappers which also include Bigflo & Oli, Jul and Booba. Elle a dvoil ainsi le 14 fvrier son 1er single, intitulPour la vie. Dadju Djuna Nsungula (French pronunciation: [dadu duna nsunula]; born 2 May 1991), better known by the mononym Dadju or at times Prince Dadj, is a French singer.He was signed to the label Wati B and in 2017 signed with Polydor Records of Universal Music Group. Interviewed in Morocco, Gims reveals that he did not hear the whistles when he sang and that these violent criticisms did not shock him. Gims - Wikipedia These include albums by Colonel Reyel, Stromae, Booba and Lacrim. Le 28 aot 2020, Kendji et Gims dvoileront leur titre Dernier mtro, ralis en duo. Some time later, the first single from The Red Pill titled "Melynda Gates" followed by a clip is released. By Keith'Abraham (self media writer) | 2 years ago. [56] At the same time, the pre-order of the record was made available,[57] accompanied by three tickets, gold, platinum and diamond to be won. Le site Booska-P voque le Gims-bashing dans un article prsentant les rappeurs franais les plus dtests o figurent galement Bigflo et Oli, JUL et Booba. Avec cette ballade, Gims espre toucher un nouveau public, plus large. Djanana Djuna Lyrics, Songs, and Albums | Genius On 17 September 2020, Netflix released a documentary about the last ten years of his career titled Gims: On the Record. See more Related news Contribute to this page Suggest an edit or add missing content Dadju Djuna Nsungula (French pronunciation: [dadu duna nsunula . In his career, Matre Gims has featured in the albums of other artists as well. In 2008, the group presented monthly freestyles called Les Chroniques du mois: each month, at least two freestyle songs were released via audio or video. Voici les chanteurs (jusqu' ce jour, connus) de la famille Djuna. His singles from these albums also gained a lot of popularity. Le flau was released on 6 November 2020. His father is Djanana Djuna, a vocalist of Papa Wemba's band. Dadju got married in 2016 and had a daughter in 2017. C'est quoi le dlire!? The same year, Matre Gims came up with a single Game Over with the French Singer Vita. [61] The album was released on 2 December 2022, containing 18 tracks and three features with Soolking, Carla Bruni and Tayc. Source Instagram, Instagram, Instagram, Instagram, Instagram. He cites artists such as Booba, Nate Dogg, Marvin Gaye, Michael Jackson, 50 Cent, Eminem or even Tandem as his main influences. Djuna Djanana is known for Matre Gims Feat. Le 10 novembre 2022, il dvoile Thmistocle et annonce la sortie du clip le lendemain, le 11 novembre 13H00[58]. RDC-Rentre scolaire 2021-2022 de plus en plus Hypothtique, JDK TSHISEKEDI SUR LTAT DE SIEGE LONU, Inscrivez-vous la Newsletter du Journal de Kinshasa et recevez gratuitement toute lactualit, Pays du portailAutres AfriqueEuropeAmriquesAutres rgions, SUIVEZ LACTUALIT SUR LES RSEAUX SOCIAUX. Les gars chantent depuis le ventre de la daronne frre!!!. Few singles from the albums that became popular include Est-ce que tu m'aimes?, Laissez passer, Bris and Saps comme jamais. In March 2018, he indicated that he applied for French nationality and that it was refused. Elle y connait des annes difficiles, tant une sans papiers qui erre dans diffrentes familles daccueil. [37][38][39] "Here we are in the negotiations, of who, or, the album will be released, with whom it will be distributed. [21] The record features tracks with Sexion d'Assaut, Scred Connexion rapper Koma and a singer named Carole.[22]. This site uses cookies to serve you better. Both these albums became diamond disc. Le 25 novembre 2022, deux titres sont rvls Aprs-vous madame feat. This passage from his life is mentioned in his book Vise le soleil. En plus d'crire ses propres textes, il crit galement pour d'autres artistes comme: Colonel Reyel, Kendji Girac ou encore Black M. En 2013, Gims participe en tant que guest l'mission Popstars, dans laquelle il donne aux jeunes groupes des conseils pour leur carrire. On y retrouve les supers stars sud amricaines Maluma et J. Balvin ainsi que Vitaa, son frre Dadju, Alonzo et le chanteur Sting[35]. Saps comme jamais (Pilule Bleue) Gims . He belongs to a musical family. He has five kids and two from his first relationship and three with Demdem. He founded a music label called Monstre Marin Corporation (an affiliate of the French division of Universal Music). Along with a number of independent releases, he released a mixtape, La Terre du Milieu (Middle-Earth) with 3rd Prototype in 2005. They released 2 mixtapes, The Shin Seka Vol. Djuna Djanana Music Video 2015 Matre Gims: Laissez passer Djuna Djanana Music Video 2015 IMDb Best of 2022 Discover the stars who skyrocketed on IMDb's STARmeter chart this year, and explore more of the Best of 2022; including top trailers, posters, and photos. Au moment o l'on penses en avoir fini avec eux et Bim!!! Le deuxime street album de Sexion d'Assaut, L'crasement de tte, parat en mai 2009 chez Because Music. De son ct, en vacances avec sa famille, Ghandi Djuna profitent de son sjour en terre knyane. Any/all written content and images displayed are provided by the blogger/author, appear herein as submitted by the blogger/author and are unedited by Opera News. ", "Gims reporte la sortie de son album "Le Flau", "Gims annonce la sortie de "Le Flau" pour le 4 dcembre! He comes from a family of musicians: his father Djanana Djuna is the singer of Papa Wemba's Viva La Musica troupe. Au Gabon, Emmanuel Macron siffle la fin de la Franafrique , Macron moins bavard et trs avare de parole au 1er jour de son 1er sjour Libreville, Sant Cancer du sein: Sucer les seins de sa partenaire peut rduire l'apparition de la maladie, Congo - Sant : Lpidmie de Variole du singe sest dclare dans la Likouala, Congo : Le gnral Mokoko reconnat enfin la victoire de Sassou Nguesso. Apart from recording tracks, he engaged himself in the underground Parisian rap battles and won the 12 Inch'All Star. Within two years, more than 1,000,000 copies of the album were sold in France only. By continuing to use this website, you agree to our cookie and, Dadju Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics, Analyn Barro Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics, Naveen Chandra Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics, Izzy Fairthorne Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics, Rachel Javier Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics, Deb Smikle Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics, Nat Sciver-Brunt Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics, Natalie Buffett Height, Weight, Age, Body Statistics, Polydor Records Ltd. (Universal Music Group). while the second one, which grabbed the top spot at the SNEP official French Singles Chart, was J'me tire. ", "GIMS confirme un nouvel album de la Sexion d'assaut [VIDEO]", "Sexion D'Assaut: Gims confirme que Le Retour Des Rois aura bien lieu [Vido]", "Gims confirme (vraiment) le retour de la Sexion d'Assaut", "Gims lche un extrait indit d'un feat avec Lefa, est-ce un morceau de la Sexion d'Assaut? [31], Gims announces the release of Ceinture noire on 9 November 2016. Gandhi Djuna, dit Gims (/ims/[1]) (anciennement Matre Gims), est un auteur-compositeur-interprte et rappeur congolais, n le 5 mai 1986 Kinshasa (Zare). News ), Opera News is a free to use platform and the views and opinions expressed herein are solely those of the author and do not represent, reflect or express the views of Opera News. [74], In February 2014, L'Algrino joined the label, followed in June 2014 by Mac Tyer. Le 23 avril 2016, Gims donne un concert avant le match de football qui oppose le Paris Saint-Germain au LOSC Lille pour la finale de la Coupe de la Ligue. Le 17 mars 2021, Gims publie un nouveau freestyle nomm Pyongyang en collaboration avec l'1nsolent pour fter le double diamant de son dernier album Ceinture noire[48],[49],[50],[51]. Au moment o l'on penses en avoir fini avec eux. Elle explique ainsi en quelques minutes son parcours, et notamment les critiques quelle a reus en raison de ce dbut de carrire trs tardif. 4: La Conscration. Meurtre Par Strangulation Lyrics - Subliminal (La face cache) - Only par
(Vido)", "Gims sort "Only You" en duo avec Dhurata Dora et a pourrait bien tre un tube! In addition, he announces that the album will be divided into two parts: the Blue Pill which is a part made up of urban pop songs, and the Red Pill which is oriented towards rap. Matre Gims tied the knot twice. Il est le frre an de Dadju, membre du groupe The Shin Seka, de Bedjik, Afi (anciennement Xgangs) et Djelass, tous les trois rappeurs[11]. Gims Biography - Facts, Childhood, Family Life & Achievements [46] On 2 December 2020, Gims therefore unveils the tracklist of his fourth album Le Flau with 17 tracks for 9 featurings. ", Syndicat National de l'dition Phonographique, "Top Albums: Maes entre directement N1 avec 'Les derniers salopards', "Ultratop Goud en Platina singles2018", "Ultratop Goud en Platina singles2020", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dadju&oldid=1142319568, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 19:17. In addition, he announces the release on 20 February 2016 of the seventh video of This is not a clip with Fuck Ramses which could not take place. Biographie Enfance et dbut. His second album Mon cur avait raison (My heart was right) was released in 2015 by Wati B and Jive Records. Gims' music is influenced by hip-hop and dance, with pop and Latin touches. Sexion d'Assaut goes on tour, notably opening for Orelsan and Medina. En 2022, il annonce LDVM qui sort le 2 dcembre. RDC : une mission dvaluation prlectorale de la CEEAC Kinshasa, RDC : arrt momentan des enrlements Tanganyika, RDC : Felix Tshisekedi lance le 1er module de lusine de traitement deau, RDC-Ituri : le litre de carburant passe de 2400 3400 FC, RDC : les corps de deux garons retrouvs dans des sacs, RDC : 20 policiers et militaires accuss de viols sur mineures, CHAN : les Lopards A menacent de ne pas poursuivre la comptition, Football: les quipes juniors des Lopards en difficult, Fespaco : 170 films slectionns pour 11 catgories, RDC : le gouvernement prend en charge les obsques de Tshala Muana, RDC-Panzi : 700 cas de fivre typhode enregistrs en 5 mois, Maladie du sommeil : la RDC represente un taux de 70% de cas dans le monde, RDC: ltat de droit, ce nest pas vouloir une chose et son contraire(Th.