Between 2003 and 2013 education spending fluctuated from 8.21 percent of the total budget in 2003 to 6.42 percent in 2009, and to 8.7 percent in 2013. The A2 year leads to the award of the full A level only. In addition to universities, there are a large number of polytechnics and colleges under the purview of the National Board of Technical Education (NBTE), the federal government body tasked with overseeing technical and vocational education. The Advanced Subsidiary (AS) Level becomes a freestanding qualification if the units taken and examined are ‘cashed in’ after the first year of study; otherwise, the AS units constitute the first half of a full A level. An A* is awarded to candidates who have achieved an A grade overall in their A level (80 percent), and 90 percent of the maximum marks on the Uniform Mark Scale in their A2 modules. In November of 2016, the JAMB announced that it did no longer have adequate funds to effectively conduct the nation-wide UTME. In 2010, the net enrollment rate at the elementary level was 63.8 percent  compared to a global average of 88.8 percent. Subscribe to WENR, and discover other tools and publications. Those voicing criticism have pointed to a ‘dumbing down’ of the qualification as borne out by studies on ability tests that have shown that students of similar ability today are achieving on average about two grades higher than they were in the late 1980s. and Egharevba, M.E. The crisis also dried up scholarship funds for foreign study, placing constraints on international student flows from Nigeria. Nigerian enrollments in U.S. institutions have been increasing slowly but steadily over the past 15 years from 3,820 in 2000/01 to 10,674 in 2015/16, according to the Open Doors data provided by the Institute of International Education (IIE). (For a detailed overview of the process see the NUCs 2012 accreditation manual). Universities send all transcripts directly to requesting institutions. From a reasonably steady average of approximately 8,500 UK students attending U.S. institutions of higher education in the first decade of the new millennium, enrollment numbers have been on a gradual increase, last year reaching close to 9,500 students, with approximately half studying at the undergraduate level. BTEC programs are often taken by students that have not performed well on their GCSE examinations or who perform better under a less exam-focused, more applied learning structure. Higher Education in Nigeria and the Emergence of Private Universities. Promoting Better Management, p. 21. Programs are between one and three years in length and conclude with the award of the NVC Part 1, Part 2 and Final. Despite these financial difficulties, all public universities are presently mandated to use the governmental admissions test in their admissions decisions, even though some universities have additional requirements going beyond the UTME. Students are currently required to study four compulsory “cross-cutting” core subjects, and to choose additional electives in four available areas of concentration. The degree classification is relevant for graduate admissions and employment prospects. This weighting can be referenced through a long list of Tariff Tables. The advanced program requires two years of pre-entry industrial work experience and one year of full-time study in addition to the NTT/NCC. Nigeria’s higher education sector  has been overburdened by strong population growth and a significant ‘youth bulge.’ (More than 60 percent of the country’s population is under the age of 24.) Accessed February 2017, https://nigeria.iom.int/, p. 19. jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_23850_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_23850_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], }); Senior Secondary Education lasts three years and covers grades 10 through 12. Engineering, business, physical sciences, and health-related fields continually rank as the most popular fields of study among Nigerian students enrolled at U.S. universities. This article includes data reported by multiple agencies. Completion of the program requires a dissertation and oral defense. The National University Commission (NUC), the government umbrella organization that oversees the administration of higher education in Nigeria, listed 4o federal universities, 44 state universities and 68 private universities as accredited degree-granting institutions on its website as of 2017. Recruitment and admissions: Fostering transparency on the path to higher education. This admission ratio, low as it may be, is a significant improvement versus 10 years ago when the ratio was closer to one in ten for university entry. This was repeated in 2013, leading some policy makers to claim an end to the grade inflation that has been a constant criticism of the A level system for decades. Particular university departments might also require a specific points score, to include a specific grade or better in a particular A level subject. Coursework completed in M.Phil. While the new upper limit on fees, charged by a majority of UK universities, is still considerably lower than the $25,000 average annual tuition fees that U.S. universities charge international students, it does significantly change the cost calculation when one considers generally lower U.S. living expenses and the experiential value of studying internationally. Nigeria’s university system resembles that of the United States – it includes an undergraduate bachelor’s degree followed by a master’s degree, and a doctoral degree. These low participation rates perpetuate illiteracy rates in Nigeria, which, while relatively high compared to other Sub-Saharan countries, are well below the global average. In 2014, the government significantly increased education spending to 10.7 percent of the total budget, but it remains to be seen if this share can be maintained following the oil price-induced fiscal crisis.
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