Considering the priorities defined in the National Employment Plans (NEP) of 2002, 2003 and 2005-2008, related to increasing education/training of secondary level, namely this latter foresees the extension of education and training for early intervention and at the same time contradicts the tendency for early integration in the labour market, information campaigns and professional … TextileGlossary.com. Thus, if the cotton feeding into the carding machine has 200 neps/gram, then the count for cotton coming out in the card sliver may, in the best of circumstances, be reduced to about 20 neps/gram. The respective parameters can be explained Since 2012 Uster … The present invention relates to a method for producing a cotton linter pulp with reduced fiber agglomeration, and more particularly, to a method for producing a cotton linter pulp by using a dry fusing apparatus equipped with a cylindrical drum equipped with a sawtooth wire, The present invention relates to a technique capable of minimizing the content of nep fibers in a pulp by performing wet … Neps (knots of tangled fiber) Spinning performance; Yarn and fabric quality; Dyed fabric appearance; When one attribute contributes to this many factors in a manufactured cotton product, it’s important that the micronaire measurement not be too high or too low; rather, it needs to be “just right.” If it’s not, you can anticipate that processing will be inefficient and/or problematic, and the finished … Description. In other words, there are significant interaction effects between some fibre properties and mechanical processes with regard to nep formation. Yarn evenness CV coarse fine Yarn count 1747 0 obj <> endobj Top NEPS abbreviation meanings updated January 2021 It also results in a superior fiber orientation in the yarn, leading to smoother and softer yarns ... Alternatively, equations [5.22] or [5.23] could be used, with … Subjects covered are the definition of a nep; nep measurement; the effect of fibre properties on neps; cotton harvesting; ginning; and processing in the spinning mill. Yarn imperfection (neps, thick and thin places) on the other hand is an important yarn parameter which affects yarn and fabric processing, and quality parameter. Egyptian cotton is grown in the hot, dry climate of the Nile River Valley in Egypt. either entirely of fibres or a seed-coat fragment. Combed and Compact cotton yarns with linear densities of 20 Ne, 30 Ne, and 40Ne were manufactured from the same middle staple cotton on both spinning frames. What is "NEPS" ... Chamois cloth a cotton fabric. Cotton classification by grade is defined as the art and science of describing cotton quality in terms of grade, according to official standards. When a garment is neppy, or has nep, it usually just means that the fabric of the garment has been woven in a way that some of the cotton fibers extend and protrude from the main surface. The attachment and termination of risk, Risk management-A cotton supply chain manager’s perspective, Price charts-Cotlook A Index and New York Cotton Futures, Cotton exports and Internet auctions: a case study. Thus, if the cotton feeding into the carding machine has 200 neps/gram, then the count for cotton coming out in the card sliver may, in the best of circumstances, be reduced to about 20 neps/gram. For instance – Grit. a knot in a fibre of cotton. micronaire cotton is more likely to form neps (minute knots of tangled fibre) in the ginning and yarn manufacturing process. Nepps appear naturally in some spun yarns and is more common in certain types of fibers. Some of these cookies are essential to the operation of the site, while others help to improve your experience by providing insights into how the site is being used. Combing removes short fibers (≤ 0.5 in. Homogeneous Dead Neps: A tangle of nearly all dead fibres. Yarn evenness versus yarn count / Comparison of various spinning systems . Immature Neps: Generally form by processing immature fibre. The two main factors affecting nep formation are fibre characteristics and mechanical processing. The respective parameters can be explained using Fig. What is a cotton nep - what do they look like? Naturally occurring in yarn and a by-product of the cotton milling industry. Nep is. Classification of Neps For cotton fiber; there are five types of Neps. CV%, thin and thick places, and hairiness).The critical need, after all, is information on the entire length distribution of the cotton being spun. Neps are thick places of very short length. Cotton Textile Industry Glossary of Terms. Subjects covered are the definition of a nep; nep measurement; the effect of fibre properties on neps; cotton harvesting; ginning; and processing in the spinning mill. Many types of tweed yarn combine the technique of spinning neps or noils into the fiber with this dyeing technique to create even greater variations in color and texture. Cotton linter synonyms, Cotton linter pronunciation, Cotton linter translation, English dictionary definition of Cotton linter. It has long been apparent, however, that this traditional definition is inadequate. Combed and Compact cotton yarns with linear densities of 20 Ne, 30 Ne, and 40Ne were manufactured from the same middle staple cotton on both spinning frames. Cotton is a seed hair fibre. Increase neps; Increase short fiber content; Roller Ginning of Cotton. What kind of cotton is supplied from abroad, and from which countries? Neps may be further categorized into ‘seedcoat neps’ – which have a piece of the seedcoat attached to the fibres (see figure 2.17) – and ‘shiny neps’ – which consist of dead fibres, with insufficient cellulose to even absorb dye (see figure 2.18). Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) also known as neprilysin is the enzyme that metabolizes natriuretic peptides. Count of Neps Nep count is the no. 3.1 Neps (USTER ® AFIS-N ... measurement technology for the testing of large quantities of cotton sam-ples within a minimum amount of time. • A supplier directory including contact details of growers and suppliers of long and extra Not only do immature fibres readily tangle up to form neps; they also readily break under any kind of mechanical stress. 4 show the definition of the measured values in relation to the maturity characteristics. 100% natural cotton nepps. Fully lined One interior chest pocket Single vent at back Women > Tailoring > Blazers 1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio 2007, p. 201: Nep is generally used for women to procure their courses, being taken inwardly or outwardly, either alone or with other convenient herbs in a decoction to bathe them, of sit over the hot fumes thereof. This title presents the first recent comprehensive review on cotton neps, including their measurement, causes and implications. NEPS is listed in the World's largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms. Many researchers have studied neps over the decades, including types, formation, effects, and solutions. Definition of NEP in the Definitions.net dictionary. Noise-equivalent power (NEP) is a measure of the sensitivity of a photodetector or detector system. Figure 2.19: Length distribution (by weight) of two cottons with similar staple lengthFigure 2.19 shows frequency distributions for the length of two different cottons, as obtained from AFIS®. China, the United States, the Russian Federation, India and Japan are the major cotton-consuming countries. the ability to measure trash and neps. Grading is based on a visual inspection and evaluation of raw cotton quality. The general definition of neps is ‘hopelessly entangled masses of fibres’ (see figure 2.15). Information and translations of NEP in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The Disadvantage of Cotton Saw Ginning. Count of Neps Nep count is the no. 1766 0 obj <>/Encrypt 1748 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[1747 34]/Info 1746 0 R/Length 98/Prev 369907/Root 1749 0 R/Size 1781/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream of a seed fragment encompassed by cotton fibers. These statements apply regardless of whether the poor length distribution is caused by genetic factors or by fibre breakage in harvesting, ginning, or textile manufacturing.It may have already occurred to the reader that there is likely to be a strong interaction effect between neps and short fibres, since in the previous section short fibres were given as one of the causes for an increased tendency toward nep formation. After production of the yarns, the quality parameters e.g tenacity, elasticity, mass ir­regularity, yarn faults, and hairiness of both types of yarns were tested and compared. The tweed effect will give your product style and exclusivity.Available in a vibrant and elegant color palette. mother type of nep, white speck neps, are produced by underdeveloped or immature fibers. (prov.) Almost any mechanical process can cause the formation of neps, but the most likely ones include harvesting, ginning, and opening/cleaning in the textile mill. Industry Dictionaries. Neps Definition from Government Dictionaries & … h�bbd```b``6�= ��L�H��4 L�հ��,�`���"Y7���`�9`3��f��a\V�$���c`bd`K�20R������@� ?W Figure 1: Cotton Boll. In cotton fibre spinning, the cost of raw material plays an important role, since it accounts for over 50% of the total cost of the ring spun yarn. Generally, a nep is defined as an entanglement of fibers, that can be caused ... definition, only covers mechanical neps. These are – List of 48 NEPS definitions. H Hectare A unit of area, equal to 10,000 square metres. Fuzz Neps: A fault of short fuzz fibers . Definition of Neps Neps may be considered as small tight balls of entangled fibers which lead to the downgrading or yarn and fabric. Watson et al. Styled with a single button front opening, two flap pockets at the front and one chest pocket. Using commercially processed 19s count 100% cotton yarn for the study, yarn was examined for the presence of neps along the ), remove neps, and reduced trash content to nearly zero. It grows in the form of a single cell merging from the epidermis or outer layer of cotton seed. cotton can vary for a number of reasons, such as species and seed type, geography, and environmental conditions. of neps per 100 … What proportions of bales from different origins are contaminated? Harvesting techniques and quality control can also have an effect ... grown for the luxury market and how the definition of “quality” is evolving to also reflect sustainability attributes. 3 shows the cross-section of a cotton fiber. The general definition of nepps 'hopelessly entangled masses of fibers'. 2. the plant itself, having spreading branches and broad, lobed leaves. Woven by an Italian mill, the cotton twill fabric in this blazer features a neps structure that gives the piece a textured surface. Definition of neppy : having neps : containing many neps neppy cotton neppy yarns Love words? 10. What does NEPS stand for? attached with fibres. Abrasion marks are sometimes also referred to as chafe marks or bruised places. When cleaning fiber to remove trash, dust, and seedcoat fragments, there will be an impact on the nep content and fiber length. In cotton fibre spinning, the cost of raw material plays an important role, since it accounts for over 50% of the total cost of the ring spun yarn. %%EOF (1991) classified neps into two groups, mechanical and biological, and observed that mechanical neps are similar to the classical ASTM definition, where they are formed from A state-of-the-art, well-adjusted carding machine can remove about 90% of the neps that are fed into the machine. Elevated levels of breakagemay be a primary reason that neps aremanifested in long, fine fibres. Filaments are long continuous single strands. Yarn imperfection (neps, thick and thin places) on the other hand is an important yarn parameter which affects yarn … A faster method of measuring neps in cotton ginned lint has been developed at the Cotton Ginning Research Laboratory, Stoneville, Mississippi.The time saved by … Find out why cotton is the fabric of your life. 0 May show up as undyed specks, due to poor dye affinity. (It is common practice to slow machinery down when processing long, fine fibres.) The quality proper- ties of cotton and the handing of fiber during processing are interlaced. They even share a scientific name! NEPS - What does NEPS stand for? Fibrous and non-fibrous extraneous contamination in cotton bales, Electronic gadgets in the spinning process for removal of contamination, Effect of the initial level of fibrous contamination and residual level in yarn, Best solution: Solve the contamination problem at the origin, Use of instrumentation in cotton classification, Harmonization of rapid machine testing of fibre quality, Understanding HVI and how to make it serve a global market, Main trade (logistical) terms and parties’ obligations, General principles and aims of arbitration, The commencement of arbitration and formalities, Arbitration sampling, micronaire sampling and sampling for strenght, The role of banks in cotton export finance, Types of insurance cover to protect your business, When do I become liable? Susceptibility to neps tends to increase as the perimeter of the fibres decreases, the maturity of the fibres decreases, the length of the fibres increases, and with either very high or very low moisture content. Fig. A simple definition of a short fibre or classifying a fibre as short is considering any fibre less than 12.5 mm as short. And 20 neps/gram is a threshold above which the fibres’ usefulness for making high-quality textile products rapidly deteriorates.While mechanical processes are the chief cause of neps, some cotton fibres are more susceptible to nep formation than others. While the mean lengths of the two cottons are approximately equivalent, sample A exhibits a larger portion of shorter fibres than does sample B (as shown by the shaded area in figure 2.19). 3.1 Neps (USTER ® AFIS-N ... tire inventories or complete lots at the cotton producer, at the merchant or in the spinning mill. 'NEPS' definition with manufacturers. Possibility of fiber breakage due to draw up the fiber from the surface of the seed. 100% natural cotton nepps. Advantage of Cotton Saw Ginning. Evaluation and Limits acceptable. The higher micronaire fiber is desired for purified cotton, since it’s easier to purify and forms less neps during processing. It is made of unopened fibres , broken seed coated by fibres or a trash particle. The "neppiness" of cotton is of greatinterestto buyers because neps have such a strong influence on the quality of cotton textiles. Higher neps generation: Low micronaire value causes high neps generation in blow room and carding, which lead to higher neps and imperfection in final yarn and white spots or dots in dyed fabric. In addition, the larger the diameter of the fiber, the more it resists bending or collapse, leaving more space between the fibers for holding liquids. Cotton classification by grade is defined as the art and science of describing cotton quality in terms of grade, according to official standards. Approximately 2.47 acres. The only difference between the two? The cross-sectional size of neps is + 140% to +400% of normal yarn and its fault length is 1 mm. Frequently-occurring thick places exhibit a length that corresponds with the mean staple length of the fibre. Usually these fabrics tend to posses a “snowy” look, as if fresh fallen snow is sitting on the surface of the denim. From 2007 until 2012 the company was publicly traded and listed on the main segment of SIX Swiss Exchange. Most spinning systems can be adjusted to accommodate the ‘dominant long fibre content’ – which is practically synonymous with the ‘staple length’ – of cotton. Neps are created when fibres. Chapter 2 - Cotton value addition - Neps and short fibres. High micronaire cotton can only be used in coarse fabrics like denim. endstream endobj startxref �tP7����~���3]jZ��sX-����s�U�=x�X_ZviW$� /A{���I�qC������(� A nep is a very short thick place in the yarn, a small fault having a length of 2mm diameter of 3 times or more at a standard setting of 200%. Abrasion marks. The appearance of common neps on yarns and fabrics is shown in figure 2.16. What does NEP stand for?-- Explore the various meanings for the NEP acronym on the Abbreviations.com … The cross-sectional size of neps is + 140% to +400% of normal yarn and its fault length is 1 mm. Grading is based on a visual inspection and evaluation of raw cotton quality. ... Neps containing foreign material such as seed coat fragments, leaf or stem … Fig. Fully constructed, this jacket is cut with an elongated body and fitted sleeves. Saw ginned cotton is more uniform; Cotton is more clean than usual. Polyester-cotton blended yarns capable of providing polyester-cotton blended yarn fabric having excellent bulkiness and being soft to the touch, and staple fibers of polyester capable of providing the blended yarns with less neps and yarn unevenness are disclosed. Also, the more trash the cotton contains, the more the fibres must be cleaned, which will result in the formation of more neps.Short fibresThe traditional definition of ‘short fibres’ is those fibres less than 1/2" long. The appearance of common neps on yarns and fabrics is shown in figure 2.16. Furthermore, even a slight elevation of very short fibres (say, less than 1/4") is likely to disproportionately damage spinning performance and yarn quality. Process Neps: Commonly produced by faulty carding or up to spinning yarn. The aim of this study is to determine if neps have an influence on rotor spun yarn strength. 1780 0 obj <>stream It can be + 200% thicker than the average diameter of yarn. The purpose of combing is to remove short fibres, neps and trash so that the resulting sliver is very clean and lustrous. Like pima cotton, Egyptian is an extra-long staple cotton, making it equally exceptional in softness, vibrancy, and performance. Neps Definition from Business & Finance Dictionaries & Glossaries. How much they are impacted will be determined by the technology utilized and the settings and production rates employed. Alize Cotton Gold Tweed is a classical demi-season yarn, cotton with acrylic. This was fol-lowed by efforts to measure fiber dimension, number of short fibers, and eventually a complete fiber length distribution (Bragg and Shofner, 1993; Shofner et al., 1988, 1990). Short immature FIBERS, or portions of mature FIBERS which are tangled and broken. Learn about the different types of cotton fabrics and the common use of each, from clothing to home décor. 4.3 Neps It has to be made a differentiation in the two faults - thick places and neps. The yarn lacks good fiber orientation and has possible moderate to high trash content (when made from cotton) and relatively high neps – It is typically used for coarse-to-medium yarn counts that can be woven or knitted to a wide range of apparel from heavy denim to shirts and blouses. A nep can be defined as a small knot (or cluster) of entangled fibres consisting either entirely of fibres (i.e. Naturally occurring in yarn and a by-product of the cotton milling industry. China, the United States, the Russian Federation, India and Japan are the major cotton-consuming countries. Suggested Resources (1.00 / 1 vote) Rate this definition: NEP. influence of cotton fiber properties of strength, length, and fineness, on rotor spun yarn strength that has been well documented. one type of yarn defects which is defined as a knot (or. Watson et al. 4.6. The general definition of neps is ‘hopelessly entangled masses of fibres’ (see figure 2.15). Combed yarn – cluster) of highly entangled cotton fibres consisting. Immature Neps: Generally form by processing immature fibre. Homogeneous Dead Neps: A tangle of nearly all dead fibres. Fibres that are long and fine are more subject to breakage in high-speed manufacturing than fibres that are short and coarse. Neps definition is - plural of nep; present tense third person singular of nep And 20 neps/gram is a threshold above which the fibres’ usefulness for making high-quality textile products rapidly deteriorates. Some other terms Some more terms: What is the acceptable contamination level for the end-user of yarn and cloth? strength and elongation) and positively correlated with bad yarn properties (e.g. Cotton futures and options – ICE Futures U.S. The mechanical processes affecting nep formation include ginning, opening and blending, carding, combing, drawing and spinning. This yarn is perfect for products Autumn-Spring. nep yarn Example sentences with "nep yarn", translation memory Polyester-cotton blended yarns capable of providing polyester-cotton blended yarn fabric having excellent bulkiness and being soft to the touch, and staple fibers of polyester capable of providing the blended yarns with less neps and yarn unevenness are disclosed. Organic cotton A -ber classi-cation guide 6 Staple Length Yarn Count Range Length Type Ne Nm Tex Short Coarse 3-16 5-27 197-37 Medium Medium … Nep is one type of yarn defects which is defined as a knot (or cluster) of highly entangled cotton fibres consisting either entirely of fibres or a seed-coat fragment attached with fibres. If the staple length is short, then the critical designation for short fibre may be shorter than 1/2". An abrasion mark is a discolored area damaged by friction or rubbing. Fig. Cotton accounts for almost 50% of the worldwide consumption of textile fibre. 0��ɦ,��J-`b�n*�ғ�� b7���Rmu/����#���~�;,v�M��r�@����*�}�&�O���.�Y�0�I$��V:��W�|�2�|�q{�:���Z��F���yC>H�8U�^�� Any of various shrubby plants of the genus Gossypium, having showy flowers and grown for the soft white downy fibers surrounding oil-rich seeds. Therefore, the number of neps can only slightly influence the yarn evenness. Uster Technologies, in its industry often called USTER, is a Swiss manufacturer of analytical instruments and on-line monitoring systems for the textile industry, based in Uster, Switzerland.It emerged as a management buy-out form of the Zellweger Luwa Group in 2003. Fabric is napped, sheared, and dyed to simulate chamois leather. Mixed Neps: Fibres tangle around a foreign materials. What does NEP mean? These shorter fibres are negatively correlated with good yarn properties (e.g. Neps can be removed through combing before processing, so early detection of neps is critical to preventing neps in finished fabrics. 2. of a seed fragment encompassed by cotton fibers. If the staple length is quite long, then the critical designation for short fibre may be longer than 1/2". Plant and animal fibers require different dyeing processes, so the wool may be dyed without dyeing any of the cotton or silk, creating flecks of white in the yarn. Description. The fundamentals of cotton supply and demand, When to use the guaranteed minimum price contract, The advantages of the guaranteed minimum price contract, The disadvantages of the guaranteed minimum price contract, The workings of a guaranteed minimum price contract, The structure and characteristics of the domestic cotton market. Neps in cotton continue to be a major problem in the cotton yarn manufacturing process. Definition of Neps Neps may be considered as small tight balls of entangled fibers which lead to the downgrading or yarn and fabric. Neps: A very short thick place in the yarn (a small yarn defect containing a length of 2milimeter, the diameter of 3 times or more at a standard setting of 200%) is called nep. A very small portion of observed neps may exist in unprocessed cotton, but the vast majority of neps are caused by handling and processing. 3. Micronaire management As the micronaire of … Those with plant matter or 'seeds' wrapped in fiber and those of just tangled and slightly … The comber is a complicated machine composed of grooved feed rolls and a cylinder that is partially … This is in fact true; indeed, most fibre properties that tend to elevate the number of neps also tend to elevate the number of short fibres. This, in turn, fosters the creation of even more neps. Meaning of NEP. If neps are incorporated into the yarn, it is quite likely they will survive into the fabric. n. 1. a. Definition of "Motes (cotton) ": There are two broad categories, (a) fuzzy motes, the largest of this type of mote consists of whole aborted or immature seed with fuzz fibers and sometimes also with very short lint fibers, the development of which has ceased at a very early stage. Abstract and Figures In this study, two types of cotton yarn neps, viz. Cotton accounts for almost 50% of the worldwide consumption of textile fibre. There can be no doubt that, regardless of the staple length of cotton, the more uniform the length distribution is, the better the cotton will perform in spinning. Each flower of cotton plant may produce 20-25 seeds enclosed in a green boll. Egyptian Cotton. %PDF-1.6 %���� endstream endobj 1748 0 obj <. 3. such plants collectively as a cultivated crop. Or dyed and spun into your yarns to create a fun texture and a truly unique creation. Neps are created when fibres become tangled in the process of cotton harvesting, ginning and spinning. Free listing for companies. of neps per 100 square inches of card web become tangled in the process of cotton harvesting, The former NYBOT and now ICE Futures U.S. cotton marketplace, Long term projections for textile fibre consumption, Influence of location and quality on prices, Structural changes leading to lower prices, Impact of varieties and production practices on cotton quality, Effect of gin machinery on cotton quality, The impact of cotton fibre properties on textile processing performance, quality and costs, Stiffness, elasticity, modulus and work-to-break. Fibres that have elevated levels of trash must be cleaned more aggressively, resulting in more broken fibres and, therefore, more neps. Small neps of cotton fibres which are gathered on the surface of the fabric and which are different in colour from the surrounding fabric. (1991) classified neps into two groups, mechanical and biological, and observed that mechanical neps are similar to the classical ASTM definition, where they are formed from These properties were chosen because ... JOURNAL OF COTTON SCIENCE, Volume 16, Issue 1, 2012 3 Fiber analyses were performed at the Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute … 1. a soft, white, downy substance consisting of the hairs or fibers attached to the seeds of plants belonging to the genus Gossypium, of the mallow family, used in making fabrics, thread, wadding, etc. H Hectare A unit of area, equal to 10,000 square metres. Neps are quality defects that have been found in cotton from the field to the finished fabric. Perfect for use in creating texture in batts and felted pieces. When the growth ceases (stops), the boll splits. Fibres with very low moisture levels are much more likely to break, and then are susceptible to forming neps. This title presents the first recent comprehensive review on cotton neps, including their measurement, causes and implications. General term used for immature, undeveloped cotton fibres. ... neps and trash so that the resulting sliver is very clean and lustrous. Neps are generally removed from the cotton fibres at only two places in the textile mill: the carding machine and the combing machine. Mixed Neps: Fibres tangle around a foreign materials. Fuzz Neps: A fault of short fuzz fibers . The Free Dictionary. as detrimental to cotton quality as neps. Common Defects of Fabrics during manufacturing process includes back fabric seam impression, birds eye, bowing, broken colour pattern, colour out, colour smears, crease mark, drop stitching, dye streak in printing, hole, jerk in, knots, mixed yarn, mottled, needle line, open reed, pin holes, press off etc. After production of the yarns, the quality parameters e.g tenacity, elasticity, mass ir­regularity, yarn faults, and hairiness of both types of yarns were tested and compared. Specific cotton quality requirements of the domestic textile industry, Recommendations for LDC cotton exporters on increasing exports to Bangladesh, The structure and characteristics of the domestic cotton market: a macro view, Quota system and management of China’s cotton industry, Non-tariff requirements in the domestic market, Possible niche markets and product groups to be targeted, Recommendations for LDC cotton exporters for penetrating the Chinese market, Detailed rules for quota management of cotton imports in China, Chronology of policies and events related to China’s cotton import quota, Recommendations for LDC cotton exporters on increasing exports to India, The Indonesian textile industry: a macro view, Recommendations for LDC cotton exporters on increasing exports to Indonesia, An analysis of the tariff structure of imports, Preferences of large national cotton consumers, Local spinners’ recommendations on how to penetrate the market, Recommendations for LDC cotton exporters on increasing exports to Pakistan, The structure and characteristics of the domestic market, Non-tariff requirements in the domestic cotton market, Case studies of large national cotton consumers, Possible niche markets and product groups, The structure and characteristic of the Thai cotton market: a macro view, Tariff and non-tariff requirements in the domestic market, In-depth interviews on penetrating the Thai cotton market, Analysis of the tariff structure of imports, Expected market developments: demand and supply forecasts and future market prospects, Case study of large national cotton consumers, Existing national support schemes that could be utilized to assist cotton-exporting LDCs to penetrate the Turkish market, Recommendations to LDC cotton exporters for promoting exports to Turkey, The structure and characteristics of the domestic market: a macro view, Exports and imports under sale and purchase contract, Case studies of large national cotton companies, Existing national support schemes that could be utilized to assist cotton exporters from least developed countries (LDCs), Recommendations for cotton exporters from LDCs on increasing exports to Viet Nam, International Textile Manufacturers Federation.
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