In 1836 the German botanist Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (1797–1848) identified a second species while working on specimens collected on the Pacific coast of Mexico, and named it Swietenia humilis. [12][13] It was estimated that in 2000, some 57,000 mahogany trees were harvested to supply the U.S. furniture trade alone. British settlers had been active in southern Yucatan since the beginning of the 18th century, despite the opposition of the Spanish, who claimed sovereignty over all of Central America. When transported to Jamaica as slaves, they gave the same name to the similar trees they saw there. 10 watching. It is a tonewood,[44] often used for musical instruments, particularly the backs, sides and necks of acoustic guitars, electric guitar bodies,[45] and drum shells because of its ability to produce a very deep, warm tone compared to other commonly used woods, such as maple, alder, ash (Fraxinus) or spruce. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Until the 1760s over 90 per cent of the mahogany imported into Britain came from Jamaica. It is a very durable wood and produces a beautiful highly lustrous finish. [18] In the 20th century various botanists attempted to further define S. macrophylla in South America as a new species, such as S. candollei Pittier and S. tessmannii Harms., but many authorities consider these spurious. £60.00. Hardwood Lumber - Mahogany Central Hardwoods maintains one of the largrest and most diverse hardwood inventories in the south west. According to Record and Hess, all of the mahogany of continental North and South America can be considered as one botanical species, Swietenia macrophylla King.[19]. x 12 in. Santos Mahogany score high on the Janka hardness scale at 2200. Cuban Mahogany Hardwood (Swietenia Mahogani) Cuban Mahogany is native to the Caribbean region as well as Florida. During the walnut period, highly overstuffed armchairs, covered with leather or embroidered material,…, High-quality English mahogany furniture made in the 18th century, however, was veneered with mahogany on mahogany. Most mahogany was cut in the province of Tabasco and exported from a number of ports on the Gulf of Campeche, from Vera Cruz eastwards to Campeche and Sisal. W x Varying Length Click Lock Exotic Hardwood Flooring(24.94 sq.ft./cs) In addition to Sapele, African Mahogany, and other imported hardwood lumber. )", "Greenpeace Curbs Mahogany Logging in Brazil, 1999-2004", http://www.commercialforestproducts.com/what-happened-to-the-good-mahogany/, "Koa: Beautiful Looking, Beautiful Sounding Tonewood", http://gaskellguitars.com/tonewoods-used-to-make-guitars/, "Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN) A Report on the Stocktaking of National Forest Invasive Species (FIS) Activities in the Philippines", International Federation of Building and Wood Workers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahogany&oldid=1006079563, Articles with dead external links from January 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from December 2020, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from December 2020, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 February 2021, at 22:53. Mahogany has a straight, fine, and even grain, and is relatively free of voids and pockets. Mahogany is still widely used for fine furniture; however, the rarity of Cuban mahogany, the over-harvesting of Honduras and Brazilian mahogany, and the protests by indigenous peoples and environmental organizations from the 1980s into the 2000s,[40][41][23][42] have diminished their use. x 2 ft. FAS Mahogany S4S Board (5-Pack) (10) Model# OL2321920 $ 80 00. Other areas of Central America as far south as Panama also began to be exploited. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 49. [29] Some of this was re-exported to continental Europe, but most was used by British furniture makers. After the French established a colony in Saint Domingue (now Haiti), some mahogany from that island probably found its way to France, where joiners in the port cities of Saint-Malo, Nantes, La Rochelle and Bordeaux used the wood to a limited extent from about 1700. "[15], The specific gravity of mahogany is 0.55. It is a tall evergreen tree with hard wood that turns reddish brown at maturity. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... …of the century, it was mahogany. Such was the enthusiasm of the cutters that within a few years the European market was glutted, and the price of logwood collapsed. For Swietenia macrophylla, the trees in these plantations are still relatively young compared to the trees being harvested from old growth forests in South America. Quantities of Jamaican mahogany also went to the North American colonies, but most of the wood used in American furniture came from the Bahamas. Honduras mahogany was relatively cheap, plentiful, but rarely of the best quality. Its light color appears similar to domestic maple, but its grain resembles that of beech. The most significant third source was Black River and adjacent areas on the Mosquito Coast (now Republic of Honduras), from where quantities of mahogany were shipped from the 1740s onwards. The shiny, multi-colored veneer plank highlights the beauty of mahogany wood. [26] On the English-controlled islands, especially Jamaica and the Bahamas, mahogany was abundant but not exported in any quantity before 1700. Mahogany has a … The advantage of ready-made laminated board is that it does not shrink. x 6 ft. African Mahogany S4S Board. Swaner Hardwood 2 in. ), a related genus, began to be exported in increasing quantities from West Africa, and by the early 20th century it dominated the market. Thus, the illegal trade of bigleaf mahogany continues apace.[23]. It is a versatile wood suitable for engineering applications and for use in construction. Some of these true mahoganies include the African genera Khaya (African mahogany) and Entandrophragma (sapele mahogany);[1] New Zealand mahogany or kohekohe (Dysoxylum spectabile);[5] Chinese mahogany, Toona sinensis;[6] Indonesian mahogany, Toona sureni;[7][8] Indian mahogany, Toona ciliata;[9] Chinaberry, Melia azedarach; Pink Mahogany (or Bosse), Guarea; Chittagong (also known as Indian Mahogany), Chukrasia velutina; and Crabwood Carapa guianensis. Mahogany also resists wood rot, making it attractive in boat construction and outdoor decking. In the past, tropical hardwoods were easily available, but the supply of some species, such as Burma teak and mahogany, is now becoming scarce due to over-exploitation. Thompson Mahogany is a direct importer of over 25 species of tropical hardwood lumber. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The French Revolution of 1789 and the wars that followed radically changed the mahogany trade, primarily due to the progressive collapse of the French and Spanish colonial empires, which allowed British traders into areas previously closed to them. In the last quarter of the 18th century France began to use mahogany more widely;[35] they had ample supplies of high quality wood from Saint Domingue. In 1886 a third species, Swietenia macrophylla, was named by Sir George King (1840–1909) after studying specimens of Honduras mahogany planted in the Botanic Gardens in Calcutta, India. [22] Among botanists and naturalists, however, the tree was considered a type of cedar, and in 1759 was classified by Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) as Cedrela mahagoni. Under Article XVII of the Treaty of Paris (1763), British cutters were for the first time given the right to cut logwood in Yucatan unmolested, within agreed limits. Figures are not available for all countries, but Britain alone imported more than 80,000 tons in 1875. The leaflets of each large leaf are arranged like a feather, but there is no terminal leaflet. Brad Rauschenberg, 'Timber Available in Charleston, 1660-1820'. or Best Offer. Wood expands and contracts in various…. Santos Mahogany "myroxylon balsamum" Range of colors, light orange/brown to reddish/purplish and evens some with exposure. Wholesale Hardwood Lumber. Warm a space with red or terra cotta walls. [33] The object was primarily to encourage importations of cotton from French plantations in Saint Domingue, but quantities of high quality mahogany were also shipped. There are differences between the physical structures of hardwoods and softwoods. Origin: Tropical Africa. Importations of mahogany into England (and excluding those to Scotland, which were recorded separately) reached 525 tons per annum by 1740, 3,688 tons by 1750, and more than 30,000 tons in 1788, the peak year of the 18th century trade.[28]. x 6 in. At the end of the Seven Years' War (1756–63), the mahogany trade began to change significantly. About: Much of the first-quality furniture made in the American colonies from the mid 18th century was made of mahogany, when the wood first became available to American craftsmen. Its reddish-brown color darkens over time, and displays a reddish sheen when polished. Santos Mahogany hardwood lumber is available from the Baillie Lumber Cove City, NC concentration yard. More than Mahogany: Sapele Lumber, African Mahogany Lumber, Jatoba Lumber, Teak Lumber, Ipe Decking, and more. This is usually visible at both microscopic level and at the surface — hardwoods tend to have broad leaves, while softwoods tend to have needles and cones. Asian hardwood is somewhat characterless without stain. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species, https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/wood-density-d_40.html, "What to Avoid/What to Choose - Mahogany (Sweitenia sp., Khaya sp. x 4 in. Updates? Bowett (1997); The National Archives (United Kingdom), Shipping Returns, CO 142 (Jamaica); CO 27 (Bahamas). It has excellent workability, and is very durable. The National Archives (United Kingdom), Cust. In the Philippines, environmentalists are calling for an end to the planting of mahogany because of its negative impact on the environment and wildlife, including possibly causing soil acidification and no net benefit to wildlife. The leading importer of mahogany is the United States, followed by Britain;[1] while the largest exporter today is Peru, which surpassed Brazil after that country banned mahogany exports in 2001. Much of the first-quality furniture made in the American colonies from the mid 18th century was made of mahogany, when the wood first became available to American craftsmen. Model# OL08031672MA $ 127 33. In addition to Jamaica and Bahamas, all the British controlled islands exported some mahogany at various times, but the quantities were not large. The rest of Europe, where the wood was increasingly fashionable, obtained most of their wood from Britain.[36]. New. Moderate natural luster. Well-defined sapwood is a paler yellow. The origin of the name is uncertain, but it could be a corruption of 'm'oganwo', the name used by the Yoruba and Ibo people of West Africa to describe trees of the genus Khaya, which is closely related to Swietenia. Balsa is also a Hardwood even though it is very soft - the distinction between Hardwoods and Softwood is not determined by how hard or soft they are. In terms of quantity, the most significant new addition to the mahogany trade was Honduras mahogany, also called 'baywood', after the Bay of Honduras. Lexington Mahogany. During the occupation of Havana by British forces between August 1762 and July 1763, quantities of Cuban or Havanna mahogany were sent to Britain, and after the city was restored to Spain in 1763, Cuba continued to export small quantities, mostly to ports on the north coast of Jamaica, from where it went to Britain. Walnut, though beautiful in hue, was soft and therefore less suited to wood carving than to rounded, curving forms. It is an eye-catchy wood, which is used for the bodies of guitars and opulent, specially designed to create yachts and boats, and also can create doors and other furniture for your house. Historically, the tree's girth allowed for wide boards from traditional mahogany species. African Mahogany is the most common substitute for the classic (but endangered) Honduran Mahogany. [1], Mahogany is the national tree of the Dominican Republic[14] and Belize. Non-native examples include: Mahogany, Rosewood, Teak, Ebony, Obeche, Ramin, and Jelutong. RARE MAHOGANY HARDWOOD TIMBER - JOB LOT OF 10 PIECES (45mm THICK) £95.00. Red mahogany is a hardwood with a fine grain and attractive red colouring. Kemp Malone, 'Notes on the Word Mahogany'. Most commercial mahogany now comes from other genera in the family, such as the African Khaya and Entandophragma. Asian hardwood has a hardness rating of 960 on the Janka hardness scale, comparable to black cherry and mahogany. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Mahogany, any of several tropical hardwood timber trees, especially certain species in the family Meliaceae. This was the Act of 6 George III cap. [10], Mahogany is a commercially important lumber prized for its beauty, durability, and color, and used for paneling and to make furniture, boats, musical instruments and other items. A small percentage of global supply of genuine mahogany comes from these Asian plantations, notably from India, Bangladesh, Indonesia and from Fiji, in Oceania. Quick Facts about Mahogany Lumber There are many different tree species and hardwoods commonly referred to as “mahogany.” Commercially available alternative species have gained in popularity over the last several years, although Genuine Mahogany remains the most sought-after of the “mahogany” lumbers. In 1671 the word mahogany appeared in print for the first time, in John Ogilby's America. Solid hardwood joinery tends to be expensive compared to softwood. x 2 ft. African Mahogany S4S Board (2-Pack) Model# OL08110824MA Collection in person. In 1975 S. humilis was placed on CITES Appendix II (a list of species that would be in danger of extinction without strict regulation) followed by S. mahagoni in 1992. A cross in the Cathedral at Santo Domingo, bearing the date 1514, is said to be mahogany, and Phillip II of Spain apparently used the wood for the interior joinery of the Escorial Palace, begun in 1584. In the 17th century, the buccaneer John Esquemeling recorded the use of mahogany or cedrela on Hispaniola for making canoes: "The Indians make these canoes without the use of any iron instruments, by only burning the trees at the bottom near the root, and afterwards governing the fire with such industry that nothing is burnt more than what they would have..."[24]. We keep a large inventory on-hand so we have what you need, when you need it – at direct import prices. About Mahogany. Our standard stock species are listed below. The National Archives (United Kingdom), Shipping register, CO 142 (Jamaica); Cust 3. A close-up photograph of a piece of mahogany wood shows the wood grain in detail. Corrections? or Best Offer. Hardwood makes a house a home, and you can refinish hardwood over the years to change the color and … Princeton. [16] Mahogany, African: (500 - 850 kg/m3)；Mahogany, Cuban: 660 kg/m3；Mahogany, Honduras: 650 kg/m3；Mahogany, Spanish: 850 kg/m3[17], The natural distribution of these species within the Americas is geographically distinct. [46][47] Guitars featuring mahogany in their construction include select Martin Guitars such as the D-18, select Taylor Guitars, select Gibson Guitars such as the Les Paul, SG and J45 and select Hagström guitars. [11] It is estimated that some 80 or 90 percent of Peruvian mahogany exported to the United States is illegally harvested, with the economic cost of illegal logging in Peru placed conservatively at $40–70 million USD annually. Although initially regarded as a joinery wood, mahogany rapidly became the timber of choice for makers of high quality furniture in both the British Isles and the 13 colonies of North America. When viewed under … The beautiful, deep red color of this hardwood species and its high resistance to rot, made it very popular for constructing ships and furniture. Their main occupation was cutting logwood, a dyewood in high demand in Europe. Mahogany is still widely used for fine furniture throughout the world. Another variety new to the market was Hispaniola mahogany, also called 'Spanish' and 'St Domingo' mahogany. Santos mahogany is often used in hardwood flooring as an alternative to true mahogany wood. Hardwood trees can be grown using the Farming skill, although some also grow naturally on tropical islands such as Karamja. Santos Mahogany is an exquisite exotic hardwood floor that is very popular in the flooring industry today. 5. Home Legend High Gloss Santos Mahogany 3/8 in. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Santos Mahogany, a popular species of hardwood from Brazil is not actual mahogany. Mahogany is a straight-grained, reddish-brown timber of three tropical hardwood species of the genus Swietenia, indigenous to the Americas and part of the pantropical chinaberry family, Meliaceae. Omissions? The coloring is lighter than that of African Mahogany, more pink than red, though darker strains are also seen. Hardwoods have vessel elements that transport water throughout the wood; under a microscope, these elements appear as pores. Marcelo M. Giugale & Vicente Fretes Cibils. Hence very little of the mahogany growing in Spanish controlled territory found its way to Europe. This mahogany was known as 'Rattan mahogany', after the island of Ruatan, which was the main offshore entrepot for the British settlers in the area. While the trade in mahogany from the Spanish and French territories in America remained moribund for most of the 18th century, this was not true for those islands under British control. It is a tall evergreen tree with hard wood that turns reddish brown at maturity. Cuban Mahogany Also known as Spanish mahogany, true mahogany, etc., the Cuban mahogany (Swietenia mahogani) is a species that has been exploited by European settlers since the 15th century. Collection in person. [20] Though this interpretation has been disputed, no one has suggested a more plausible origin. Record & Hess, Timbers of the New World (1972), p. 368. Other types of hardwoods with mahogany in their names are African Mahogany and Honduran Mahogany. [27] This immediately stimulated the trade in West Indian timbers including, most importantly, mahogany. The most abundant species, S. macrophylla, was placed on Appendix III in 1995 and moved to Appendix II in 2003. Run your hands along the wood and feel the smooth texture. While the three Swietenia species are classified officially as "genuine mahogany", other Meliaceae species with timber uses are classified as "true mahogany." Mahogany, any of several tropical hardwood timber trees, especially certain species in the family Meliaceae. [39] By this time mahogany from Cuba, Haiti and other West Indian sources had become increasingly difficult to obtain in commercial sizes, and by the late 20th century Central American and even South American mahogany was heading in a similar direction.
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